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1.工艺分析

(1)确定加工路线

按先主后次,先粗后精的加工原则确定加工路线,采用固定循环指令对外轮廓进行粗加工,再精加工,然后车退刀槽,再加工螺纹,最后切断。

(2)装夹方法和对刀点的选择

采用三爪自定心卡盘自定心夹紧,对刀点选在工件的右端面与回转轴线的交点。

2.刀具的选择

根据加工要求,选用四把刀,1号为粗加工外圆车刀,2号为精加工外圆车刀,3号为切槽刀,4号为车螺纹刀。采用试切法对刀,对刀的同时把端面加工出来。

3.切削参数的选择

表1为各工序的切削速度和进给速度。

表1 各工序的切削参数

加工工序

刀具号

刀具类型

主轴转速S()

进给速度F()

粗车外圆

T1

外圆车刀

0.3

精车外圆

T2

外圆精车刀

0.08

切退刀槽

T3

切槽刀

0.05

车螺纹、凹弧

T4

螺纹刀

1.5

切断

T3

切槽刀

0.05

4.程序编制(数控车床为沈阳第一机床厂CAKD,数控系统为FANUC-0i)确定工件右端面与轴心线的交点O为编程原点,零件的加工程序如下:

程序

说明

O;

N1;

工序(一)外形轮廓粗加工

G40G97G99T;

M43;

M03;

G00X40.0Z1.0;

G71U1.5R0.5;

G71P10Q11U0.5W0.1F0.15;

N10G00G42X0;

G01Z0;

X19.8

X27.8Z-20.0;

X28.0;

Z-45.0;

X36.0Z-50.0;

Z-59.0;

N11G01G40X40.0;

G00X.0Z.0;

N2;

工序(二)外形轮廓精加工

T;

M44;

G00X40.0Z1.0;

G70P10Q11F0.08;

G00X.0Z.0;

N3;

工序(三)切槽加工

T;

M43;

G00X30.0Z-24.0;

G01X24.0F0.05;

G01X30.0F0.2;

G00X.0Z.0;

N4;

工序(四)锥螺纹与凹圆弧加工

T;

M41;

G00X30.0Z5.0

G92X28.4Z-22.0R-5.4F1.5;

X27.8;

X27.4;

X27.2;

X27.0;

X26.9;

X26.85;

X26.85;

G00X32.0;

Z-27.0;

M44;

M98P;

调用O子程序4次加工凹圆弧面

G00X.0Z.0;

N5;

工序(五)工件切断

T;

M43;

G00X40.0Z-59.0;

G75R0.5;

G75X0PF0.05;

G00X.0Z.0;

M05;

M30;

程序结束

O;

子程序

G01U-1.0F0.1;

刀具每次径向进刀1mm加工凹圆弧面

G02U0W-18.0R20.0;

G01U3.0F0.5;

W18.0;

U-3.0;

M99;

子程序调用结束

实例一平面加工

参考程序:

O;

G90G94G21G17;

G91G28Z0;

G90G54M03S;

G00X-52.0Y-50.0;

Z5.0M08;

G01Z-8.0F50;

Y50.0F52;

G00Z5.0;

X-44.0Y-50.0;

G01Z-4.0F50;

Y50.0F52;

G00Z5.0;

X10.Y50.0;

G01Z-6.0F50;

G02X10.0Y-50.0R50.0F52;

G00Z20.0M09;

G91G28Z0;

M30;

实例二外形轮廓加工

参考程序:

(1)圆柱台加工程序

O;

G90G94G40G17G21;

G91G28Z0;

G90G54M3S;

G00X62.0Y0;

Z5.0;

G01Z-4.0F52;

G41D02G01X47.0Y0F52;

G02I-47.0J0;

G40G01X62.0Y0;

G41D02G01X31.0YO;

G02I-31.0J0;

G40G01X62.0Y0;

G41D02G01X15.0Y0;

G02I-15.0J0;

G40G01X62.0Y0;

G00Z20.0;

G91G28Z0;

M30;

(2)外轮廓加工程序

O;

G90G94G40G17G21;

G91G28ZO;

G90G54M03S;

G00X-62.0Y52.0M08;

Z5.0;

G01Z-9.0F52;

G41D02G01X-40.0Y30.0F52;

G01X-20.0Y30.0;

X30.0;

G02X40.0Y20.0R10.0;

G01Y-20.0;

G02X30.0Y-30.0R10.0;

G01X-30.0;

G02X-40.0Y-20.0R10.0;

G01Y10.0;

G03X-20.0Y30.0R20.0;

G40G01X-62.0Y52.0;

G00Z20.0M09;

G91G28Z0;

M30;

粗加工时,选用Φ20的立铣刀,刀具号为T02,刀具半径补偿号为D02,补偿值为10.2mm(0.2mm是精加工余量)。

精加工时,选用Φ12的立铣刀,刀具号为T03,刀具半径补偿号为D03,补偿值为6mm。

实例三槽加工

参考程序:

(1)十字槽粗加工程序

O;

G90G40G21G17G94;

G91G28Z0;

G90G54M3S;

G00X30.0Y0;

Z5.0M08;

G01Z-4.0F40;

X-30.0F60;

Z-8.0F40;

X30.0F60;

G00Z5.0;

X0Y25.0;

G01Z-4.0F40;

Y-25.0;

Z-8.0F40;

Y25.0F60;

G00Z5.0M09;

G91G28Z0;

M30;

(2)十字槽精加工程序

O;(主程序)

G90G40G21G94G17;

G91G28Z0;

G90G54M3S;

G00X0Y0;

Z5.0M08;

G01Z0F40;

M98PL02;

G90G00Z5.0M09;

G91G28Z0;

M30;

O;(子程序)

G91G01Z-4.0F40;

G90G41D03G01X12.5Y7.5F50;

G02X7.5Y12.5R5.0;

G01Y25.0;

G03X-7.5R7.5;

G01Y12.5;

G02X-12.5Y7.5R5.0;

G01X-30.0;

G03Y-7.5R7.5;

G01X-12.5;

G02X-7.5Y-12.5R5.0;

G01Y-25.0;

G03X7.5R7.5;

G01Y-12.5;

G02X12.5Y-7.5R5.0;

G01X30.0;

G03Y7.5R7.5;

G01X12.5;

G02X7.5Y12.5R5.0;

G40G01X0Y0;

M99;

实例四型腔加工

参考程序:

(1)型腔内粗加工程序

O;(主程序)

G90G40G21G94G17;

G91G28Z0;

G90G54M3S;

G00X0Y0;

Z5.0M08;

G01Z0F50;

M98PL02;

G00Z20.0M09;

G91G28Z0;

M30;

O;(子程序)

G91G01Z-4.0F40;

G90G01X7.0Y0F48;

G03I-7.0J0;

G01X19.0Y0;

G03I-19.0J0;

G01X0Y0F;

M99;

(2)型腔内轮廓精加工程序

O;(主程序)

G90G40G21G94G17;

G91G28Z0;

G90G54M3S;

G00X5.0Y0;

Z5.0M08;

G01Z0F80;

M98PL02;

G00Z20.0M09;

G91G28Z0;

M30;

O;(子程序)

G91G01Z-4.0F80;

G90G41D01G01X20.0Y-15.0F48;

G03X35.0Y0R15.0;

G01Y6.;

G03X28.Y16.R10.0;

G02X16.Y28.R20.0;

G03X6.Y35.0R10.0;

G01X-6.;

G03X-16.Y28.R10.0;

GO2X-28.Y16.R20.0;

G03X-35.0Y6.R10.0;

G01Y-6.;

G03X-28.Y-16.R10.0;

G02X-16.Y-28.R20.0;

G03X-6.Y-35.0R10.0;

G01X6.;

G03X16.Y-28.R10.0;

G02X28.Y-16.R20.0;

G03X35.0Y-6.R10.0;

G01Y0;

G03X20.0Y15.0R15.0;

G40G01X5.0Y0;

M99;

实例五钻孔、攻丝加工

参考程序:

O;

G91G28Z0;

M06T1;

G90G17G49G21G94;

G54M3S;

G00X20.0Y.0M08;

G43H01G00Z50.0;

G99G81X-15.0Y65.0Z-4.0R5.0F80;

G98X-30.0;

G00X-.0;

Y15.0;

G99G81X-85.0Y15.0Z-4.0R5.0F80;

G98X-70.0;

G91G28Z0M09;

M06T02;

G90G49G54M3S;

G00X20.0Y.0M08;

G43H02G00Z50.;

G99G73X-15.0Y65.0Z-20.0R5.0Q2.0F60;

G98X-30.0;

G00X-.0;

Y15.0;

G99G73X-85.0Y15.0Z-20.0R5.0Q2.0F60;

G98X-70.0;

G91G28Z0M09;

M06T03;

G90G49G54M3S;

G00X20.0Y.0M08;

G43H03G00Z50.;

G98G83X-30.0Y65.0Z-21.0R5.0Q2.0F60;

G00X-.0;

Y15.0;

G98G83X-70.0Y15.0Z-21.0R5.0Q2.0F60;

G91G28Z0M09;

M06T04;

G90G49G54M3S;

G00X20.0Y.0M08;

G43H04G00Z50.;

G98G81X-15.0Y65.0Z-21.0R5.0F50;

G00X-.0;

Y15.0;

G98G81X-85.0Y15.0Z-21.0R5.0F50;

G91G28Z0M09;

M06T05;

G90G49G54M3S;

G00X20.0Y.0M08;

G43H05G00Z50.0;

G99G82X-15.0Y65.0Z-6.0R5.0PF60;

G98X-30.0;

G00X-.0;

Y15.0;

G99G82X-85.0Y15.0Z-6.0R5.0PF60;

G98X-70.0;

G91G28Z0M09;

M06T06;

G90G49G54M3S50;

G00X20.0Y.0M08;

G43H06G00Z50.0;

G98G85X-30.0Y65.0Z-18.0R5.0F40;

G00X-.0;

Y15.0;

G98G85X-70.0Y15.0Z-18.0R5.0F40;

G91G28Z0M09;

M06T07;

G90G49G54M3S;

G00X20.0Y.0M08;

G43H07G00Z50.0;

G98G84X-15.0Y65.0Z-19.0R5.0F;

G00X-.0;

Y15.0;

G98G84X-85.0Y15.0Z-19.0R5.0F;

G91G28Z0M09;

M30;

实例六镗孔加工

参考程序:

O;

G91G28Z0;

M06TO1;

G90G94G49G17G40G21;

G54M03S;

G43H01G00Z50.0M08;

X-46.0Y55.0;

Z5.0;

G01Z-4.0F80;

Y-55.0F60;

X46.0F0;

Y55.0F60;

G41D01G01X17.Y30.0F60;

X34.Y0;

X17.Y-30.0;

X-17.;

X-34.Y0;

X-17.Y30.0;

X-20.0;

G40G01X65.0Y55.0F;

G91G28Z0M09;

M06T03;

G90G54G49G40M03S;

G43H03G00Z50.0M08;

G98G81X0Y0Z-4.0R5.0F60;

G91G28Z0M09;

M06T04;

G90G54G49G40M03S;

G43H04G00Z50.0M08;

G98G81X0Y0Z-20.0R5.0F60;

G91G28Z0M09;

G28X0Y0;

M06T05;

G90G54G49G40M03S;

G43H05G00Z50.0M08;

G98G73X0Y0Z-22.0R5.0Q2.0F50;

G91G28Z0M09;

G28X0Y0;

M06T06;

G90G54G49G40M03S;

G43H06G00Z50.0M08;

G98G73X0Y0Z-25.0R5.0Q2.0F45;

G91G28Z0M09;

G28X0Y0;

M06T07;

G90G54G49G40M03S;

G43H07G00Z50.0M08;

G98G73X0Y0Z-26.0R5.0Q2.0F40;

G91G28Z0M09;

M06T02;

G90G54G49G40M03S;

G43H02G00Z50.0M08;

X46.0Y55.0;

Z5.0;

G01Z-4.0F80;

G41D02G01X17.Y30.0F60;

X34.Y0;

X17.Y-30.0;

X-17.;

X-34.Y0;

X-17.Y30.0;

X-20.0;

G40G01X65.0Y55.0F;

G91G28Z0M09;

M06T08;

G90G54G49G40M03S;

G43H08G00Z60.0M08;

G98G85X0Y0Z-17.0R5.0F60;

G91G28Z0M09;

M06T09;

G90G54G49G40M03S1;

G43H09G00Z60.0M08;

G98G85X0Y0Z-17.0R5.0F50;

G91G28Z0M09;

G28X0Y0;

M30;

实例七镜像加工

参考程序:

O;(主程序)

G90G40G21G17G94;

G50.1X0Y0;

G91G28Z0;

G90G54M3S;

M08;

M98P;

G51.1X0;

M98P;

G50.1X0;

M09;

M30;

O;(子程序)

G00X-58.0Y-48.0;

Z50.0;

Z5.0;

G01Z-3.0F50;

G41D01G01X-47.0Y-45.0F;

X-47.0Y-20.0;

X-37.0Y-20.0;

G03X-27.0Y-10.0R10.0;

G01X-27.0Y10.0;

G03X-37.0Y20.0R10.0;

G01X-47.0Y20.0;

X-47.0Y42.5;

X-28.0Y42.5;

G02X-8.0Y22.5R20.0;

G01X-8.0Y-20.0;

X-30.5Y-42.5;

X-50.0Y-42.5;

G40G01X-58.0Y-48.0;

G00Z50.0;

M99;

实例八极坐标加工

参考程序:

O;

G54G40;

M08;

G15;

M03S;

G00X58.0Y-10.0;

Z50.0;

Z5.0;

G01Z-5.0F50;

G41D01G16G01X36.0Y-5.0F;

G02X24.0Y-5.0R6.;

G03X24.0Y.0R-24.0;

G02X36.0Y.0R6.0;

G02X36.0Y-5.0R-36.0;

G40G15G01X58.0Y-10.0;

G00Z.0;

M09;

M30;

实例九旋转加工

参考程序:

O;

G54G40;

G69;

M03S;

G68X0Y0R30.0;

G00X0Y0;

Z50.0M08;

Z5.0;

G01Z-5.0F50;

G41D01G01X25.0Y10.0F;

G03X15.0Y20.0R10.0;

G01X-15.0;

G03X-25.0Y10.0R10.0;

G01Y-10.0;

G03X-15.0Y-20.0R10.0;

G01X15.0;

G03X25.0Y-10.0R10.0;

G01X25.0Y10.0;

G40G01X0Y0;

G00Z.0M09;

M30;

实例十综合零件加工

参考程序:

(1)正六边形加工程序

O;

G90G40G21G17G94;

G91G28Z0;

G90G54M03S;

G00X0Y55.0;

Z5.0M08;

G01Z-6.F60;

G41D01G01X0Y29.0F;

X10.97;

G02X19.63Y24.0R10.0;

G01X30.60Y5.0;

G02Y-5.0R10.0;

G01X19.63Y-24.0;

G02X10.97Y-29.0R10.0;

G01X-10.97;

G02X-19.63Y-24.0R10.0;

G01X-30.60Y-5.0;

G02Y5.0R10.0;

G01X-19.63Y24.0;

G02X-10.97Y29.0R10.0;

G01X0;

G40G01X0Y55.0;

G00Z50.0M09;

G91G28Z0;

M30;

(2)斜六边形加工主程序

O;(主程序)

G90G40G21G17G94G69;

G91G28Z0;

G90G68X0Y0R10.0;

M98P;

G69;

G91G28Z0;

M30;

O;(子程序)

G90G54M03S;

G00X0Y40.0;

Z5.0M08;

G01Z-4.F60;

G41D01G01X0Y25.0F;

X10.97;

G02X16.17Y22.0R6.0;

G01X27.14Y3.0;

G02Y-3.0R6.0;

G01X16.17Y-22.0;

G02X10.97Y-25.0R6.0;

G01X-10.97;

G02X-16.17Y-22.0R6.0;

G01X-27.14Y-3.0;

G02Y3.0R6.0;

G01X-16.17Y22.0;

G02X-10.97Y25.0R6.0;

G01X0;

G40G01X0Y40.0;

G00Z50.0M09;

M99;

(3)凹槽加工程序

O;(主程序)

G90G40G21G17G94;

G54M03S;

GO0X60Y-50;

Z5.0M08;

M98P;

G51.1X0Y0;

M98P;

G50.1X0Y0;

G0Z.0M09;

M30

O;(子程序)

G00X56.0Y-46.0;

G01Z-8.0F50;

G41D04G01X52.34Y-33.55F;

X34.88Y-19.58;

G3X26.76Y-29.73R6.5;

G1X41.94Y-41.87;

G40G01X56.0Y-46.0;

G00Z5.0;

M99;

(4)孔加工程序

O;

G91G28Z0;

M06T05;

G90G40G21G17G94G15;

G54M03S1;

GO0X0Y0;

G43H05G00Z20.0;

G16G00X40.0Y40.0;

G99G81Z-9.0R5.0F60;

G00X40.0Y.0;

G98G81Z-9.0R5.0F60;

G15;

G91G28Z0;

M06T06;

G90G15G54M3S;

GO0X0Y0;

G43H06G00Z20.0;

G16G00X40.0Y40.0;

G99G81Z-20.0R5.0F60;

G00X40.0Y.0;

G98G81Z-20.0R5.0F60;

G15;

G91G28Z0;

M06T07;

G90G15G54M03S;

GO0X0Y0;

G43H07G00Z20.0;

G16G00X40.0Y40.0;

G99G81Z-20.0R5.0F50;

G00X40.0Y.0;

G98G81Z-20.0R5.0F50;

G15;

G91G28Z0;

M06T08;

G90G15G54M03S;

GO0X0Y0;

G43H08G00Z20;

G16G00X40.0Y40.0;

G99G82Z-10.0R5.0PF60;

G00X40.0Y.0;

G99G82Z-10.0R5.0PF60;

G15;

G91G28Z0;

M06T09;

G90G15G54M03S50;

GO0X0Y0;

G43H09G00Z20.0;

G16G00X40.0Y40.0;

G99G85Z-18.0R5.0F40;

G00X40.0Y.0

G98G85Z-18.0R5.0F40;

G15;

G91G28Z0;

M30;

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