1.工艺分析
(1)确定加工路线
按先主后次,先粗后精的加工原则确定加工路线,采用固定循环指令对外轮廓进行粗加工,再精加工,然后车退刀槽,再加工螺纹,最后切断。
(2)装夹方法和对刀点的选择
采用三爪自定心卡盘自定心夹紧,对刀点选在工件的右端面与回转轴线的交点。
2.刀具的选择
根据加工要求,选用四把刀,1号为粗加工外圆车刀,2号为精加工外圆车刀,3号为切槽刀,4号为车螺纹刀。采用试切法对刀,对刀的同时把端面加工出来。
3.切削参数的选择
表1为各工序的切削速度和进给速度。
表1 各工序的切削参数
加工工序
刀具号
刀具类型
主轴转速S()
进给速度F()
粗车外圆
T1
外圆车刀
0.3
精车外圆
T2
外圆精车刀
0.08
切退刀槽
T3
切槽刀
0.05
车螺纹、凹弧
T4
螺纹刀
1.5
切断
T3
切槽刀
0.05
4.程序编制(数控车床为沈阳第一机床厂CAKD,数控系统为FANUC-0i)确定工件右端面与轴心线的交点O为编程原点,零件的加工程序如下:
程序
说明
O;
N1;
工序(一)外形轮廓粗加工
G40G97G99T;
M43;
M03;
G00X40.0Z1.0;
G71U1.5R0.5;
G71P10Q11U0.5W0.1F0.15;
N10G00G42X0;
G01Z0;
X19.8
X27.8Z-20.0;
X28.0;
Z-45.0;
X36.0Z-50.0;
Z-59.0;
N11G01G40X40.0;
G00X.0Z.0;
N2;
工序(二)外形轮廓精加工
T;
M44;
G00X40.0Z1.0;
G70P10Q11F0.08;
G00X.0Z.0;
N3;
工序(三)切槽加工
T;
M43;
G00X30.0Z-24.0;
G01X24.0F0.05;
G01X30.0F0.2;
G00X.0Z.0;
N4;
工序(四)锥螺纹与凹圆弧加工
T;
M41;
G00X30.0Z5.0
G92X28.4Z-22.0R-5.4F1.5;
X27.8;
X27.4;
X27.2;
X27.0;
X26.9;
X26.85;
X26.85;
G00X32.0;
Z-27.0;
M44;
M98P;
调用O子程序4次加工凹圆弧面
G00X.0Z.0;
N5;
工序(五)工件切断
T;
M43;
G00X40.0Z-59.0;
G75R0.5;
G75X0PF0.05;
G00X.0Z.0;
M05;
M30;
程序结束
O;
子程序
G01U-1.0F0.1;
刀具每次径向进刀1mm加工凹圆弧面
G02U0W-18.0R20.0;
G01U3.0F0.5;
W18.0;
U-3.0;
M99;
子程序调用结束
实例一平面加工
参考程序:
O;
G90G94G21G17;
G91G28Z0;
G90G54M03S;
G00X-52.0Y-50.0;
Z5.0M08;
G01Z-8.0F50;
Y50.0F52;
G00Z5.0;
X-44.0Y-50.0;
G01Z-4.0F50;
Y50.0F52;
G00Z5.0;
X10.Y50.0;
G01Z-6.0F50;
G02X10.0Y-50.0R50.0F52;
G00Z20.0M09;
G91G28Z0;
M30;
实例二外形轮廓加工
参考程序:
(1)圆柱台加工程序
O;
G90G94G40G17G21;
G91G28Z0;
G90G54M3S;
G00X62.0Y0;
Z5.0;
G01Z-4.0F52;
G41D02G01X47.0Y0F52;
G02I-47.0J0;
G40G01X62.0Y0;
G41D02G01X31.0YO;
G02I-31.0J0;
G40G01X62.0Y0;
G41D02G01X15.0Y0;
G02I-15.0J0;
G40G01X62.0Y0;
G00Z20.0;
G91G28Z0;
M30;
(2)外轮廓加工程序
O;
G90G94G40G17G21;
G91G28ZO;
G90G54M03S;
G00X-62.0Y52.0M08;
Z5.0;
G01Z-9.0F52;
G41D02G01X-40.0Y30.0F52;
G01X-20.0Y30.0;
X30.0;
G02X40.0Y20.0R10.0;
G01Y-20.0;
G02X30.0Y-30.0R10.0;
G01X-30.0;
G02X-40.0Y-20.0R10.0;
G01Y10.0;
G03X-20.0Y30.0R20.0;
G40G01X-62.0Y52.0;
G00Z20.0M09;
G91G28Z0;
M30;
粗加工时,选用Φ20的立铣刀,刀具号为T02,刀具半径补偿号为D02,补偿值为10.2mm(0.2mm是精加工余量)。
精加工时,选用Φ12的立铣刀,刀具号为T03,刀具半径补偿号为D03,补偿值为6mm。
实例三槽加工
参考程序:
(1)十字槽粗加工程序
O;
G90G40G21G17G94;
G91G28Z0;
G90G54M3S;
G00X30.0Y0;
Z5.0M08;
G01Z-4.0F40;
X-30.0F60;
Z-8.0F40;
X30.0F60;
G00Z5.0;
X0Y25.0;
G01Z-4.0F40;
Y-25.0;
Z-8.0F40;
Y25.0F60;
G00Z5.0M09;
G91G28Z0;
M30;
(2)十字槽精加工程序
O;(主程序)
G90G40G21G94G17;
G91G28Z0;
G90G54M3S;
G00X0Y0;
Z5.0M08;
G01Z0F40;
M98PL02;
G90G00Z5.0M09;
G91G28Z0;
M30;
O;(子程序)
G91G01Z-4.0F40;
G90G41D03G01X12.5Y7.5F50;
G02X7.5Y12.5R5.0;
G01Y25.0;
G03X-7.5R7.5;
G01Y12.5;
G02X-12.5Y7.5R5.0;
G01X-30.0;
G03Y-7.5R7.5;
G01X-12.5;
G02X-7.5Y-12.5R5.0;
G01Y-25.0;
G03X7.5R7.5;
G01Y-12.5;
G02X12.5Y-7.5R5.0;
G01X30.0;
G03Y7.5R7.5;
G01X12.5;
G02X7.5Y12.5R5.0;
G40G01X0Y0;
M99;
实例四型腔加工
参考程序:
(1)型腔内粗加工程序
O;(主程序)
G90G40G21G94G17;
G91G28Z0;
G90G54M3S;
G00X0Y0;
Z5.0M08;
G01Z0F50;
M98PL02;
G00Z20.0M09;
G91G28Z0;
M30;
O;(子程序)
G91G01Z-4.0F40;
G90G01X7.0Y0F48;
G03I-7.0J0;
G01X19.0Y0;
G03I-19.0J0;
G01X0Y0F;
M99;
(2)型腔内轮廓精加工程序
O;(主程序)
G90G40G21G94G17;
G91G28Z0;
G90G54M3S;
G00X5.0Y0;
Z5.0M08;
G01Z0F80;
M98PL02;
G00Z20.0M09;
G91G28Z0;
M30;
O;(子程序)
G91G01Z-4.0F80;
G90G41D01G01X20.0Y-15.0F48;
G03X35.0Y0R15.0;
G01Y6.;
G03X28.Y16.R10.0;
G02X16.Y28.R20.0;
G03X6.Y35.0R10.0;
G01X-6.;
G03X-16.Y28.R10.0;
GO2X-28.Y16.R20.0;
G03X-35.0Y6.R10.0;
G01Y-6.;
G03X-28.Y-16.R10.0;
G02X-16.Y-28.R20.0;
G03X-6.Y-35.0R10.0;
G01X6.;
G03X16.Y-28.R10.0;
G02X28.Y-16.R20.0;
G03X35.0Y-6.R10.0;
G01Y0;
G03X20.0Y15.0R15.0;
G40G01X5.0Y0;
M99;
实例五钻孔、攻丝加工
参考程序:
O;
G91G28Z0;
M06T1;
G90G17G49G21G94;
G54M3S;
G00X20.0Y.0M08;
G43H01G00Z50.0;
G99G81X-15.0Y65.0Z-4.0R5.0F80;
G98X-30.0;
G00X-.0;
Y15.0;
G99G81X-85.0Y15.0Z-4.0R5.0F80;
G98X-70.0;
G91G28Z0M09;
M06T02;
G90G49G54M3S;
G00X20.0Y.0M08;
G43H02G00Z50.;
G99G73X-15.0Y65.0Z-20.0R5.0Q2.0F60;
G98X-30.0;
G00X-.0;
Y15.0;
G99G73X-85.0Y15.0Z-20.0R5.0Q2.0F60;
G98X-70.0;
G91G28Z0M09;
M06T03;
G90G49G54M3S;
G00X20.0Y.0M08;
G43H03G00Z50.;
G98G83X-30.0Y65.0Z-21.0R5.0Q2.0F60;
G00X-.0;
Y15.0;
G98G83X-70.0Y15.0Z-21.0R5.0Q2.0F60;
G91G28Z0M09;
M06T04;
G90G49G54M3S;
G00X20.0Y.0M08;
G43H04G00Z50.;
G98G81X-15.0Y65.0Z-21.0R5.0F50;
G00X-.0;
Y15.0;
G98G81X-85.0Y15.0Z-21.0R5.0F50;
G91G28Z0M09;
M06T05;
G90G49G54M3S;
G00X20.0Y.0M08;
G43H05G00Z50.0;
G99G82X-15.0Y65.0Z-6.0R5.0PF60;
G98X-30.0;
G00X-.0;
Y15.0;
G99G82X-85.0Y15.0Z-6.0R5.0PF60;
G98X-70.0;
G91G28Z0M09;
M06T06;
G90G49G54M3S50;
G00X20.0Y.0M08;
G43H06G00Z50.0;
G98G85X-30.0Y65.0Z-18.0R5.0F40;
G00X-.0;
Y15.0;
G98G85X-70.0Y15.0Z-18.0R5.0F40;
G91G28Z0M09;
M06T07;
G90G49G54M3S;
G00X20.0Y.0M08;
G43H07G00Z50.0;
G98G84X-15.0Y65.0Z-19.0R5.0F;
G00X-.0;
Y15.0;
G98G84X-85.0Y15.0Z-19.0R5.0F;
G91G28Z0M09;
M30;
实例六镗孔加工
参考程序:
O;
G91G28Z0;
M06TO1;
G90G94G49G17G40G21;
G54M03S;
G43H01G00Z50.0M08;
X-46.0Y55.0;
Z5.0;
G01Z-4.0F80;
Y-55.0F60;
X46.0F0;
Y55.0F60;
G41D01G01X17.Y30.0F60;
X34.Y0;
X17.Y-30.0;
X-17.;
X-34.Y0;
X-17.Y30.0;
X-20.0;
G40G01X65.0Y55.0F;
G91G28Z0M09;
M06T03;
G90G54G49G40M03S;
G43H03G00Z50.0M08;
G98G81X0Y0Z-4.0R5.0F60;
G91G28Z0M09;
M06T04;
G90G54G49G40M03S;
G43H04G00Z50.0M08;
G98G81X0Y0Z-20.0R5.0F60;
G91G28Z0M09;
G28X0Y0;
M06T05;
G90G54G49G40M03S;
G43H05G00Z50.0M08;
G98G73X0Y0Z-22.0R5.0Q2.0F50;
G91G28Z0M09;
G28X0Y0;
M06T06;
G90G54G49G40M03S;
G43H06G00Z50.0M08;
G98G73X0Y0Z-25.0R5.0Q2.0F45;
G91G28Z0M09;
G28X0Y0;
M06T07;
G90G54G49G40M03S;
G43H07G00Z50.0M08;
G98G73X0Y0Z-26.0R5.0Q2.0F40;
G91G28Z0M09;
M06T02;
G90G54G49G40M03S;
G43H02G00Z50.0M08;
X46.0Y55.0;
Z5.0;
G01Z-4.0F80;
G41D02G01X17.Y30.0F60;
X34.Y0;
X17.Y-30.0;
X-17.;
X-34.Y0;
X-17.Y30.0;
X-20.0;
G40G01X65.0Y55.0F;
G91G28Z0M09;
M06T08;
G90G54G49G40M03S;
G43H08G00Z60.0M08;
G98G85X0Y0Z-17.0R5.0F60;
G91G28Z0M09;
M06T09;
G90G54G49G40M03S1;
G43H09G00Z60.0M08;
G98G85X0Y0Z-17.0R5.0F50;
G91G28Z0M09;
G28X0Y0;
M30;
实例七镜像加工
参考程序:
O;(主程序)
G90G40G21G17G94;
G50.1X0Y0;
G91G28Z0;
G90G54M3S;
M08;
M98P;
G51.1X0;
M98P;
G50.1X0;
M09;
M30;
O;(子程序)
G00X-58.0Y-48.0;
Z50.0;
Z5.0;
G01Z-3.0F50;
G41D01G01X-47.0Y-45.0F;
X-47.0Y-20.0;
X-37.0Y-20.0;
G03X-27.0Y-10.0R10.0;
G01X-27.0Y10.0;
G03X-37.0Y20.0R10.0;
G01X-47.0Y20.0;
X-47.0Y42.5;
X-28.0Y42.5;
G02X-8.0Y22.5R20.0;
G01X-8.0Y-20.0;
X-30.5Y-42.5;
X-50.0Y-42.5;
G40G01X-58.0Y-48.0;
G00Z50.0;
M99;
实例八极坐标加工
参考程序:
O;
G54G40;
M08;
G15;
M03S;
G00X58.0Y-10.0;
Z50.0;
Z5.0;
G01Z-5.0F50;
G41D01G16G01X36.0Y-5.0F;
G02X24.0Y-5.0R6.;
G03X24.0Y.0R-24.0;
G02X36.0Y.0R6.0;
G02X36.0Y-5.0R-36.0;
G40G15G01X58.0Y-10.0;
G00Z.0;
M09;
M30;
实例九旋转加工
参考程序:
O;
G54G40;
G69;
M03S;
G68X0Y0R30.0;
G00X0Y0;
Z50.0M08;
Z5.0;
G01Z-5.0F50;
G41D01G01X25.0Y10.0F;
G03X15.0Y20.0R10.0;
G01X-15.0;
G03X-25.0Y10.0R10.0;
G01Y-10.0;
G03X-15.0Y-20.0R10.0;
G01X15.0;
G03X25.0Y-10.0R10.0;
G01X25.0Y10.0;
G40G01X0Y0;
G00Z.0M09;
M30;
实例十综合零件加工
参考程序:
(1)正六边形加工程序
O;
G90G40G21G17G94;
G91G28Z0;
G90G54M03S;
G00X0Y55.0;
Z5.0M08;
G01Z-6.F60;
G41D01G01X0Y29.0F;
X10.97;
G02X19.63Y24.0R10.0;
G01X30.60Y5.0;
G02Y-5.0R10.0;
G01X19.63Y-24.0;
G02X10.97Y-29.0R10.0;
G01X-10.97;
G02X-19.63Y-24.0R10.0;
G01X-30.60Y-5.0;
G02Y5.0R10.0;
G01X-19.63Y24.0;
G02X-10.97Y29.0R10.0;
G01X0;
G40G01X0Y55.0;
G00Z50.0M09;
G91G28Z0;
M30;
(2)斜六边形加工主程序
O;(主程序)
G90G40G21G17G94G69;
G91G28Z0;
G90G68X0Y0R10.0;
M98P;
G69;
G91G28Z0;
M30;
O;(子程序)
G90G54M03S;
G00X0Y40.0;
Z5.0M08;
G01Z-4.F60;
G41D01G01X0Y25.0F;
X10.97;
G02X16.17Y22.0R6.0;
G01X27.14Y3.0;
G02Y-3.0R6.0;
G01X16.17Y-22.0;
G02X10.97Y-25.0R6.0;
G01X-10.97;
G02X-16.17Y-22.0R6.0;
G01X-27.14Y-3.0;
G02Y3.0R6.0;
G01X-16.17Y22.0;
G02X-10.97Y25.0R6.0;
G01X0;
G40G01X0Y40.0;
G00Z50.0M09;
M99;
(3)凹槽加工程序
O;(主程序)
G90G40G21G17G94;
G54M03S;
GO0X60Y-50;
Z5.0M08;
M98P;
G51.1X0Y0;
M98P;
G50.1X0Y0;
G0Z.0M09;
M30
O;(子程序)
G00X56.0Y-46.0;
G01Z-8.0F50;
G41D04G01X52.34Y-33.55F;
X34.88Y-19.58;
G3X26.76Y-29.73R6.5;
G1X41.94Y-41.87;
G40G01X56.0Y-46.0;
G00Z5.0;
M99;
(4)孔加工程序
O;
G91G28Z0;
M06T05;
G90G40G21G17G94G15;
G54M03S1;
GO0X0Y0;
G43H05G00Z20.0;
G16G00X40.0Y40.0;
G99G81Z-9.0R5.0F60;
G00X40.0Y.0;
G98G81Z-9.0R5.0F60;
G15;
G91G28Z0;
M06T06;
G90G15G54M3S;
GO0X0Y0;
G43H06G00Z20.0;
G16G00X40.0Y40.0;
G99G81Z-20.0R5.0F60;
G00X40.0Y.0;
G98G81Z-20.0R5.0F60;
G15;
G91G28Z0;
M06T07;
G90G15G54M03S;
GO0X0Y0;
G43H07G00Z20.0;
G16G00X40.0Y40.0;
G99G81Z-20.0R5.0F50;
G00X40.0Y.0;
G98G81Z-20.0R5.0F50;
G15;
G91G28Z0;
M06T08;
G90G15G54M03S;
GO0X0Y0;
G43H08G00Z20;
G16G00X40.0Y40.0;
G99G82Z-10.0R5.0PF60;
G00X40.0Y.0;
G99G82Z-10.0R5.0PF60;
G15;
G91G28Z0;
M06T09;
G90G15G54M03S50;
GO0X0Y0;
G43H09G00Z20.0;
G16G00X40.0Y40.0;
G99G85Z-18.0R5.0F40;
G00X40.0Y.0
G98G85Z-18.0R5.0F40;
G15;
G91G28Z0;
M30;
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